Bailey studied these birds on the west coast of Mexico, and describes fights between males. A bird would alight before another, strut with outstretched neck and hissing. Both squatted, curved their necks in a double bow and seized each other by wing, neck or bill. The combats often resulted fatally and wounded survivors were speedily dispatched by Caracaras or Gulls at dawn.
From Gulf of California south to Cocos Island.