Their behavior is far more energetic and pugnacious than the Acadian Flycatcher. Intruders are violently warned away from the nesting site and I have seen a pair chase a Red Squirrel from the sacred precincts, actually striking the miscreant with their bills. Vigorous tail-flirting is characteristic.
NEST: in bush forks near water, within 6 feet of ground, built of grass and bark.
EGGS: 2–4; creamy white, specked with brown and rufus.
Habits and breeding as above.
North America from Alaska to Newfoundland and south thru United States.