NEST in stump cavities or among roots of upturned trees. Built of small twigs, plant stems, moss and lichens, closely woven and warmly lined with moss, fur, hair and feathers, leaving only a small circular entrance.

EGGS: 5 to 8, creamy white, minutely dotted with reddish brown and lavender.

Eastern United States and Canada. Breeding south (in mountains) to Massachusetts, New York, Michigan and Wisconsin; rarely to northern Indiana, Illinois and central Iowa and thru higher altitudes of Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia and West Virginia to western North Carolina. Winters from southern breeding limit to northern Florida and along Gulf coast to Texas.

Western North America. Breeds from Prince William Sound, Alaska and western Alberta south to central California and northern Colorado. Winters in southern British Columbia, south to southern California and southern New Mexico.

Kadiak Island, Alaska.

A tree up to 50 feet high, distributed on river banks and moist locations in California, Oregon, Washington and southern British Columbia.